Real-Time Closed-Loop Color Control

Taƙaitaccen Bayani

Gidajen gida da Internet na Abubuwa ra'ayoyi ne masu tasowa a cikin al'ummar zamani, tare da haske mai hankali wani muhimmin sashi ne. Baya ga samar da gamsuwa ta gani ta hanyar kaddarorin sa na bada launi, haske yana da wasu tasiri ga jin dadin mutum. Domin a iya amfani da cikakken yuwuwar gida mai haske mai hankali, tsarin hasken yana buƙatar sanye da ingantattun masu sarrafawa waɗanda za su iya sarrafa bakan haske da halayen launi na haske ban da na yau da kullun na kunna-kashe da rage haske.

Duk da haka, a halin yanzu kayayyakin haske na kasuwanci masu hankali masu irin waɗannan iyawa suna buƙatar yin amfani da na'urori masu auna haske masu tsada waɗanda har yanzu ba su da isasshen amsa mai rufaffiyar madauki wanda ke da muhimmanci don daidaitaccen sarrafa launi na fitilun haske (LED). Wannan takarda ta gabatar da wata sabuwar hanya wacce ke amfani da kyamarar da ake samu a wayoyin hannu na zamani don yin sarrafa launi mai rufaffiyar madauki don tsarin haske a cikin gidaje masu hankali.

Algorithm ɗin yana iya yin haɗin tashoshi masu yawa ga kowane launi da kuma hasken fari a yanayin zafin jiki da ake so tare da babban fihirisar ba da launi. Wannan hanyar ta tabbatar da kasancewa mai arha da dacewa saboda ba a buƙatar na'urori na waje kuma ana iya yin ta ta amfani da kowane wayar Android akan fitilar LED mai dacewa.

Introduction

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) suna ci gaba da samun karbuwa a aikace-aikacen haske a duk duniya. An ba da rahoton cewa a cikin Amurka kadai, shigar da samfuran LED a duk aikace-aikacen haske ya ninka sau hudu daga shekarar 2014 har zuwa 2016. Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka kuma ta hango cewa shigar da fitilun tushen LED zai karu sosai zuwa kusan kashi 86% a aikace-aikacen haske na gaba ɗaya nan da shekarar 2035.

Yawancin masu amfani suna matsawa zuwa LEDs saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin haske na gargajiya irin su halogens da fluorescents. Har ila yau, fitilun tushen LED suna ba da fa'idodi mafi girma fiye da kiyaye makamashi kawai; suna zuwa cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan bakan kuma ana iya sarrafa su cikin sauƙi, wanda ke haifar da tsarin haske waɗanda ake iya daidaitawa.

Ana haske hasken da za a yi tsammanin zai zama makomar hasken wuta, domin bincike ya nuna cewa haske wani muhimmin abu ne mai tasiri a kan agogon halittar ɗan adam, inda aka gano cewa tsarin bakan haske yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi ga ilimin halin ɗan adam da na tunani. Abin jan hankali na tsarin hasken da za a iya daidaitawa shi ne, yana iya rage bambanci tsakanin hasken wucin gadi da na halitta, yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga jin daɗin ɗan adam.

Hanyar Sarrafa Bakan Haske

Samfurin fitilun da aka yi amfani da shi don gwada tsarin sarrafawa da aka tsara ya ƙunshi tashoshi 10, waɗanda 7 daga cikinsu manyan launuka ne masu bambancin tsayin daka, yayin da sauran tashoshi 3 kuma fitilun LED ne masu farin canji na phosphor. Ana sarrafa ƙarfin kowane tashashi na LED ta amfani da gyare-gyaren faɗin bugun jini (PWM), wanda microcontroller na Arduino ke samarwa a cikin fitilun zuwa direban LED ta hanyar mara waya ta amfani da ZigBee.

An ƙera aikace-aikacen Android don aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa haske. Mai amfani da farko yana zaɓar launin hasken da aka yi niyya ta hanyar mai zaɓen launi; tsarin yana canza wannan launi zuwa saitin daidaitawar u'v' wanda ake kira da maƙasudin saiti. Bayanin yanayin hasken ɗaki ana ɗaukar su ta kyamarar wayar hannu, wanda ake canza su zuwa daidaitawar launin u'v' na hasken da ke cikin ɗaki.

Ana ƙididdige nisan Euclidian tsakanin maƙasudin da ma'aunin daidaitawar launi don samar da kuskure. Mai sarrafa PI yana karɓar wannan kuskuren, kuma yana la'akari da daidaitawar launi na LEDs, kuma yana samar da siginar sarrafa PWM zuwa kowane tashashi na LED a cikin fitila ta hanyar ZigBee mara waya.

LED Channel Specifications

Tsarin Algorithm na Sarrafa Launi ta Hanyoyi Daban-daban

The novel multi-channel color control algorithm presented in this paper is a form of the gradient descent algorithm that converges to the target chromaticity. The computations are performed in the 1976 CIELUV color space which has a uniform chromaticity scale. For this algorithm to work, the (u', v') coordinates of each LED channel has to be obtained the first time the user runs the system.

Algorithm yana zagayawa duk tashoshin LED a cikin fitilu da yawa yayin da yake lissafta madaidaitan launi ta amfani da karatun kamara a matsayin shigarwa. Babban makasudin algorithm shine haɓaka mafi sauri da mafi guntu hanyar tafiya a cikin sararin launi na CIELUV don launin da fitilun LED ke fitarwa ya karkata zuwa ga maƙasudin launi ta amfani da ƙirar sarrafa rufaffiyar madauki.

Gaskiyar cewa launin da ya haifar da ƙara launuka biyu koyaushe yana faɗuwa akan layin da ke haɗa launuka akan zanen chromaticity ana amfani da shi a matsayin tushe don isa ga ƙarshen ƙarfin kowane tashar LED a jere.

Algorithm Implementation

Mataki na farko a cikin algorithm ita ce a siffanta girman hoton da aka samu daga kyamara ta hanyar rage nisa da tsayi na hoton sau 10 bi da bi, wanda hakan ke haifar da hoton ƙarshe wanda ya fi na asali ƙanƙanta sau 100. Sa'an nan, a lissafta matsakaita darajar RGB a cikin hoton.

Ana amfani da ƙimar RGB don lissafta ma'auni mai aunawa (u', v'). Ana lissafta siginar kuskure ta amfani da dabarar nisa Euclidian tsakanin ma'auni na manufa da na aunawa.

Ana amfani da mai kula da ma'auni (PI) a cikin ƙirar algorithm ɗin sarrafa martani don cimma sifili kuskure na tsayayye. An daidaita shi ta amfani da sanannen hanyar Ziegler-Nichols don ƙididdige girman mataki na kowane juz'i wanda ke bawa algorithm ikon yin matakai masu dacewa.

Sakamakon Gwaji da Tattaunawa

An gwajin tsarin an kafa shi a cikin wani ɗakin zama na bogi wanda yake sarari mai girman mita 5.8 × 3.4, an sanye shi da fitilun gwaji na ƙirar bincike guda shida masu sarrafawa ta mara waya da kuma daidaitacce mai tashoshi goma. Tashoshi bakwai waɗanda suke LED masu launi tsarkakakku sun wuce kewayon tsayin raƙuman gani kuma ana iya haɗa su don samun hasken fari mai kaddarorin launi iri-iri.

Ana amfani da wayar hannu tare da kyamararta ta biyu tana fuskanta sama don ɗaukar yanayin hasken, watau ƙimar RGB da hasken da ke faruwa a saman inda aka sanya wayar. An sanya na'urar auna haske da launi ta Konica Minolta CL-500A kusa da wayar hannu don tabbatar da algorithm iko-launi.

Sakamakon Haɗa Bi-Channel

Multi-Channel Mixing Results

An gwada algorithm ɗin sarrafa launi ta amfani da yanayi daban-daban ciki har da:

• Launuka bakwai na farko don samar da haske fari
• Taya LED tashoshi goma don farin haske
• Launuka farko bakwai don hasken launi
• Taya LED tashoshi goma don hasken launi

Don haɗa tashoshi da yawa, an tsara algorithm ɗin martani don tsayawa lokacin da ya gano cewa bambancin launi Δu'v' ya kasa 0.003, ƙima mafi tsauri idan aka kwatanta da haɗa tashoshi biyu. An cimma wannan manufa ga kowane zaɓaɓɓen launi da kyamarar wayar hannu ta gano.

Matsakaicin CRI ya yi yawa sosai da 82.76 don haɗa tashoshi bakwai tare da LED masu launi tsantsa, da 94 don haɗa tashoshi goma. Ta hanyar inganta zaɓin farkon LED a cikin fitilar, za a iya ƙara rage adadin tashoshin LED da ake buƙata don samar da babban gamut na launi da haske mai ingantaccen CRI.

A cikin aikin lokaci, kowane mataki a cikin sarrafa rufaffiyar kewayon yana ɗaukar kusan 658ms, tare da algorithm ɗin yana ɗaukar kusan maimaitawa 10 don haɗa fitarwar fitilu daga launi na bazuwar zuwa launin da aka yi niyya. Wannan yayi daidai da kusan 6-7s. Wannan adadin haɗuwa ta algorithm yana da ma'ana kuma ana yarda da shi a aikace-aikacen duniya.

Ƙarshe

Wannan takarda ta gabatar da wata sabuwar hanya don sarrafa launi na tsarin hasken LED mai yawan tashoshi a cikin yanayin gida mai wayo ta amfani da kyamarar da ake samu a yawancin wayoyin hannu na Android na zamani a matsayin babban firikwensin amsawa. Algorithm ɗin yana iya haɓaka bakan fitarwar fitilu don samar da haske tare da CCT mai daidaitawa, daidaitaccen launi da babban ma'anar launi.

Tsarin sarrafa amsawa mai rufaffiyar madauki yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙarfi ga rikice-rikice na waje daga wasu hanyoyin haske kamar hasken rana da ke shiga ta tagogi. Algorithm din yana iya aiki da madaidaicin daidaito tare da yuwuwar ingantawa idan an yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen bayanan daidaita kyamara.

Hanyar da aka gabata ta amfani da wayar hannu a matsayin duka na'urar ganowa da na'urar sarrafawa ta tabbatar da kasancewa mai arha da dacewa saboda ba a buƙatar ƙarin na'urori masu auna firikwensin da za a shigar. Ayyukan gaba na iya haɗawa da wasu fasalulluka ciki har da hasken yanayi dangane da abin da mai amfani ya fi so da kuma kwafin yanayin hasken da mai amfani ya ɗauka a wayar hannu daga wani wuri daban.

Nassosi

The complete paper contains 39 references covering topics in LED lighting, color control algorithms, smartphone applications in IoT, and smart home technologies. Key references include works on:

• LED adoption forecasts by the U.S. Department of Energy
• Studies on the effects of light spectrum on human circadian rhythms
• Previous research on color control methods for LED systems
• Ayyukan wayar hannu a cikin sarrafa gida da IoT
• Algorithms na dawwama launi da Zato na Duniya mai launin toka
• Hanyoyin daidaita mai kula da ciki har da Ziegler-Nichols